Back in old days when network communication was in infancy, different make equipment had proprietary standards of communication. People and big organisations felt the dire need of open and standard communication model which could be independent of the underlying hardware architecture of diverse networking devices. That’s when TCP/IP reference model and OSI model came into existence.
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TCP/IP reference model or internet protocol suite consists of a set of protocols as TCP (Transport Control Protocol) and IP (Internet Protocol). TCP/IP model defines internet or similar computer networks. Unlike OSI model, which has seven layers of communication, it has only four layers of communication as Application Layer, Transport Layer, Internet Layer and Link Layer.
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The Open Systems Interconnection or OSI model was incorporated in 1984 by ISO (International Standards Organization) to standardise network communications across different protocols and devices within seven layers of communication. The whole idea was to achieve interoperability and openness. Any computer network can be conceptually divided into seven layers.
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